Iraq Faces New Security Test as U.S.-Led Coalition Mission Ends

With the end of the mission of the U.S.-led Global Coalition in Iraq, the country has entered a new phase in managing security, armed groups, and the protection of its airspace.

Daily Sabah reported that the coalition’s withdrawal follows years of support for Iraq in the fight against ISIS and places greater responsibility on the government in Baghdad. Around 2,500 U.S. troops previously based in Baghdad and Erbil have left Iraq.

The Iraqi government is also seeking to bring weapons held by armed groups under full state control. Under the announced plan, the process is expected to be completed by June 2027.

Türkiye has also supported efforts to strengthen Iraq’s state authority, with the two countries reaching agreements on increasing Baghdad’s control in Sinjar and transferring the Bashika-Zilkan base to Iraqi control.

Meanwhile, the coalition’s withdrawal has increased the need for Iraq to strengthen its air-defence capabilities. Baghdad is considering new defence cooperation and measures to develop its air force.

The threat from ISIS remains a security concern, although Iraqi security forces are stronger than they were during the group’s territorial expansion in previous years.

Future developments, including the government’s handling of armed groups, relations between Baghdad and the Kurdistan Region, and Iraq’s security ties with regional countries, will shape the country’s efforts to strengthen state control and sovereignty.